Past perfect lesson from today

Time: THE PAST PERFECT IS IN THE MAIN CLAUSE; THE VERB IN THE TIME CLAUSE IS SIMPLE PAST

Until Rawan arrived here, she had never driven in her life. (OR until arriving here_

Until I arrived here, I had not had any international friends. (OR until arriving here)

Ana had already completed law school before she arrived here. (OR before arriving here)

By the time Hussain was 15, he had dated many women.

By 2010, Brazil had already won 5 World Cups.

Until he entered level 6, Miguel had never had such wonderful teachers :D

Cause and effect: THE PAST PERFECT IS IN THE CAUSE-CLAUSE (BECAUSE THE CAUSE COMES BEFORE THE EFFECT)

I was late for school today because my car had broken down.

I was late for school today because I had forgotten to lock the door and I had needed to return home.

I didn’t do the last essay because I had had computer problems the day before it was due.

Reported speech:

Abdul: “Why didn’t you do the homework last night?”

Mousa: “Because I had to help my wife with dinner and the dishes and the laundry and cleaning and…”

Mousa told Abdul that he couldn’t do the homework because he had had to help his wife.